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OCR: the expansion but no one has yet been able to measure the second value precisely Still, one can estimate this quantity from knowledge of the universe's average density. One expects that because gravity exerts a force that opposes expansion galaxies would tend to move apart more slowly now than they didin the past. The rate of change in expansion is therefore related to the gravitational pull of the universe set by its average density. If the density that of just the visible material in and around galaxies, the age of the universe probably lies between 12 and 20 billion years. (The range allows for the uncertainty ir the rate of expansion. Yet many researchers believe the density is greater than this minimum value So. -called dark matter make up the difference strongly defended argument hol ...